Almost all political parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have their own websites.

In particular, citizens have the opportunity to receive the necessary documents, sign them, make an appointment with officials of various levels, participate in electronic meetings, rallies, etc. The stage of transactional web presence is more focused on meeting the daily needs of citizens, because within it they have the opportunity to receive various documents and enter into agreements. The stage of full integration of the web presence involves the completion of e-democracy, which will allow the implementation of electoral forms of political participation through electronic networks, participate in online public forums, meetings of government and administration. It is this stage that emphasizes the growing network political activity of citizens [31, p. 401 – 402].

In Western Europe, the participation of citizens in election campaigns in the online system is becoming quite widespread, which provides, in addition to the traditional, four new forms, in particular – the marketing of party politics and candidates; exchange of information and opinions between voters; participation in the discussion of print and online media materials; participation in the formation of a new, more open style of politics [38, p. 681; 11, p. 105].

According to experts, the formation of e-democracy in Ukraine overcomes the path from the first to the second stage, as evidenced by the fact that among all the ideas of e-democracy, the most widespread is the fairly functional idea of ​​e -government (e-government), which is usually meant "the only socially responsible and informationally open, with constant feedback, institution" [17].

O. Holobutsky rightly emphasizes that the essence of the problem of using the power of ICT in government processes in political governance is broader than the category of e-government, it is more adequately reflected through the concept of e-government [5; thirteen]. E-government highlights the need for the government to have a constant dialogue with citizens, to respond to their suggestions and requests, thus stimulating interest in politics and active forms of political participation.

For e-government, the priority is to increase the constant awareness of citizens about the activities of public authorities and management at all levels; availability of state information and its operative broadcast to users; maintaining and strengthening feedback between government and society; direct participation of citizens in the activities of public authorities and administration; support for political processes aimed at developing and improving participatory democracy.

To assess the potential of e-democracy in Ukraine, the prospects for implementing the idea of ​​e-government and the formation of dialogue models of political e-participation, in our opinion, we can use the following areas to measure these processes: the level of telecommunications infrastructure and Internet access; basic parameters of the resource base of political Uanet; human capital development, which determines the real demand for resources for autonomous political participation.

The level of development of telecommunication infrastructure and ideas for narrative essays Internet access of citizens. In general, Ukraine has a positive trend of increasing Internet users. If in 2000 there were 500 thousand, in 2005 – 5 million 653 thousand [21; 22; 33; 7]. According to researchers, in the next 6 – 7 years the number of potential Internet users may reach 13 million people [1, p. 24]. The process of increasing the number of Internet users is supported primarily by socio-economic factors: the development of the education system; income level, cost structure and employment rate; level of development of information technologies.

However, first of all, to make the Internet a real driver of democratic processes, it is necessary to democratize access to global computer networks, "and this problem depends on providing mass access to interactive communications. Otherwise, e-democracy inevitably becomes an authoritarian or unmanaged system. management of society using appropriate methods and tools "[17].

The regional structure of Internet users in Ukraine shows that most of them are concentrated in large cities. In particular, in February 2005 52.86% of users lived in Kyiv (for comparison – in 2001 76% of users were concentrated here), in Dnipropetrovsk – 8.67% (2001 – 5%), in Odessa – 6.84% (2001 – 5% ).

Only in eight regional centers of Ukraine – Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Donetsk, Lviv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhia, Simferopol, the 100,000 mark was exceeded, which is 87.7% of their total number in Ukraine as a whole [34; 35]. In Chernivtsi, Khmelnytsky, Kirovohrad, Lutsk, Zhytomyr, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rivne, the number of Internet users did not exceed 30,000 people. Thus, in the regional context there is a significant disparity in access to Internet resources.

The main parameters of the resource base of political Uanet. Despite the fact that purely political resources cover a small part of Uanet (47% of information in the Ukrainian part of the Internet is information about the activities of economic entities, 16.6% are information and reference resources, 14.8% – entertainment information, 4.4% – information on the activities of science and education institutions, 6% – electronic media resources, 1.3% – servers with information on the activities of public authorities and administration [35]), most institutional policy actors are still present in it.

The most powerful among them is the state, represented by the official websites of the President of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "Government Portal" through which you can access the websites of all ministries, departments and agencies … Almost all political parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have their own websites. Numerous projects of non-governmental organizations are an alternative to state resources in the political part of the Internet space, one of the goals of which is to form autonomous models of political participation of citizens and reduce the effectiveness of mobilization practices of the government.

The creation of the "Government Portal" has to some extent expanded the range of forms of e-participation of citizens. In particular, they had the opportunity to indirectly participate in public discussions, public hearings and round tables, and get acquainted with their results and resolutions on the CMU portal. The essence of e-democracy corresponds to the holding of Internet conferences of members of the government, which can be attended by any citizen of the country.

The first such conference took place on July 7, 2005, at which the then First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine A. Kinakh answered questions from network users and journalists present in the hall about the assessment and prospects of the investment climate in Ukraine [18] … During the conference, the Government Portal was visited by more than a thousand citizens, and more than a hundred people were on the portal at one time.

According to the rules of Internet conferences on the website of the Cabinet of Ministers, first of all answers were given to 10 questions received before the conference – those that received the largest number of votes of users; 10 questions received during the conference; 10 questions – from journalists and representatives of public organizations present in the hall. The archive of the conference transcript is stored on the "Government Portal" and is available to all network users.

The process of the Internet conference not only proved the effectiveness of the information technology used and demonstrated the modern possibilities of Internet communication (from pre-accumulation of questions to the speaker to receive additional questions directly during the conference and slide show made in the hall) , but also declared a fairly high level of political -participation of citizens, the need formed in them and the possibility of remote dialogue with the authorities.

An analysis of the websites of regional state administrations (RSAs) showed that all of them, in accordance with the Presidential Decree "On Additional Measures to Ensure Citizens’ Exercise of the Constitutional Right to Appeal" (August 13, 2002, No. 700/2002 ), offer citizens to use the e-appeals to public authorities and administration, but none of them provides statistics on the number and nature of e-mails of citizens.

E-mailing on most regional state administration websites is marked with the phrase "Write a letter", which does not necessarily imply receiving a response, which, moreover, (under Ukrainian law) does not have the status of an official response. Indicative in this respect is the site of the Chernihiv Regional State Administration. It states that citizens have the opportunity to address the administration with their questions, suggestions, comments and wishes, which will be considered and, if possible (necessary) taken into account.

The e-mail address of the site administrator is given and it is noted that only documents received in writing are considered official appeals. It turns out that why offer citizens to conduct a dialogue in electronic form, if the regional state administration will need to apply in person, and the fact that e-mail helps to prepare for such a visit, for some reason overlooked.

In fact, according to the Law of Ukraine "On Citizens’ Appeals", electronic versions of appeals are not considered official. As well as the answers to them. However, in the same law, along with statements (petitions), complaints, there is a form of appeal to public authorities, as a proposal that belongs to the sphere of political participation of citizens.

Article 3 of Section 1 defines proposals (comments) as "an appeal of citizens, which expresses advice, recommendation on the activities of public authorities and local governments, deputies of all levels, officials, as well as opinions on the regulation of public relations and living conditions, improvement of legal basics of state and public life, socio-cultural and other spheres of state and society "[14]. Thus, it is the proposals from all types of appeals that reflect the dialogue mechanisms of interaction between the government and citizens in the process of e-government and in the conditions of e-democratization.

However, in the structure of all appeals of citizens to bodies of different levels of government, the share of proposals is insignificant. For example, in the first half of 2005, President Yushchenko’s public reception received 97,300 appeals. Compared to the same period of 2004, there is a significant increase in the number of appeals issued as responses (proposals) to socio-political events in the country (11 times increase), regarding the work of local authorities and administration (8 times increase ), regarding activities of parties, trade unions and other associations (6 times growth), economic reform, entrepreneurship, price and tax policy (3 times growth).